Découvrez les dates clés de l'histoire de notre musée du jouet jurassien à Moirans-en-Montagne. Nous vous racontons le patrimoine de notre territoire à travers ses jouets, un héritage culturel riche en émotions. Suivez l'évolution des jeux qui ont marqué des générations et continuez à propager la joie qu'ils incarnent auprès de vos proches, petits et grands. Contactez le musée du Jouet pour toute demande.
Des origines médiévales à la tournerie jurassienne
Dès le XIIIᵉ siècle, l’abbaye de Saint-Claude attire de nombreux pèlerins. Les moines fabriquent eux-mêmes des objets de piété (patenôtres ou chapelets) en bois, corne et ivoire. Les paysans locaux reprennent ce savoir-faire et, dès le XIVᵉ siècle, produisent de petits objets et jouets pour les enfants des pèlerins. À la fin du Moyen Âge, l’activité se diversifie. La révolution industrielle transforme les ateliers : le tour à roue, puis la force hydraulique, remplacent le tour à archet manuel, améliorant la productivité. Le triangle d’or de la tournerie se dessine entre Lons-le-Saunier, Morez et Nantua, où se développent des centres spécialisés.
1900-1950
Moirans-en-Montagne, berceau français du jouet
Les premiers jouets tournés à Moirans-en-Montagne datent de 1820. Sifflets et flûtes à bec (ou flageolets) deviennent la spécialité locale. Vers 1850, le petit sifflet « bibi », vendu en milliers d’exemplaires, vaut à Moirans le surnom de « Bibiville ». Au XXᵉ siècle, Moirans devient l’un des principaux centres de tournerie et la capitale du jouet. Jeux de quilles, croquets, bilboquets, cubes et jeux de construction, puis jeux de société et porteurs enrichissent les catalogues jurassiens. Les jouets peints à la main par les rubanneuses sont la signature locale. L’électrification des ateliers, les coopératives et le patriotisme économique après 1918 consolident la production locale.
1950-1980
Du bois au plastique : l’essor industriel
Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le passage du bois au plastique transforme le secteur : celluloïd, puis polymères issus de la pétrochimie permettent de produire des jouets en masse à prix réduits. Moirans, malgré la concurrence d’Oyonnax, s’affirme comme capitale du jouet. Les années 1950-60 voient apparaître de nouveaux fabricants de jouets bon marché et le décollage de futurs grands noms comme Moquin Breuil (Smoby). Le jouet en bois connaît un déclin, malgré l’activité de quelques défenseurs du bois comme Educalux, Vilac ou Jeujura. La France devient 5ᵉ producteur mondial, un sixième de sa production étant exporté. En 1967, les principaux fabricants jurassiens s’unissent dans le groupement SUPERJOUET, devenu dix ans plus tard le 1er exportateur français de jouets.
Les années 80
mondialisation et renouveau local
La concurrence internationale, l’arrivée des jeux électroniques et vidéo et la contrefaçon bouleversent le secteur. Pour préserver le savoir-faire local, une exposition sur le jouet et les techniques traditionnelles est organisée en 1986 par la municipalité. La même année, l’Association pour la Tournerie et le Jouet Français est créée pour soutenir la production locale. En 1987, le projet architectural de la Maison du Jouet est validé, et les travaux débutent en 1988.
La Maison du Jouet
innovation et professionnalisation
En mai 1989, la Maison du Jouet ouvre. Bâtiment industriel aux couleurs vives conçu par Guy Bonnivard, il accueille à la fois un musée retraçant l’histoire du jouet jurassien et des services professionnels (centre de recherche, antenne du Laboratoire National d’Essai, actions collectives pour les fabricants). Entre 1990 et 1996, le bâtiment s’agrandit et la muséographie évolue.
1997-2010
La Maison devient Musée
En janvier 1997, la mairie de Moirans-en-Montagne reprend la gestion du musée. Expositions temporaires, ateliers pédagogiques et salle audiovisuelle renforcent l’offre. En 2002, le musée obtient le label « Musée de France », avec 15 000 jeux et jouets couvrant 4 000 ans d’histoire. L’acquisition en 2003 de la collection du Musée du Jouet de Canet-en-Roussillon marque le début d’un projet de rénovation muséographique, concrétisé par le transfert de gestion à l’intercommunalité en 2009.
2010-2012
Un musée modernisé
Le musée ferme 22 mois pour travaux. Les architectes Blanc Potard et Duboin rénovent et modernisent l’ensemble du musée tout en respectant l’architecture originale de Guy Bonnivard. L’Atelier A Kiko réalise la muséographie, colorée et attractive.
Depuis 2012
Un musée du Jouet vivant et ludique
Le nouveau musée, ouvert le 1er juillet 2012, s’étend sur 3 400 m². Les espaces extérieurs proposent parcours de glisse, escalade et jeux verts. À l’intérieur, près de 2 000 jeux et jouets sont mis en scène par L’Atelier à Kiko, accompagnés de dispositifs audiovisuels et sonores. L’ourson Nours guide les visiteurs dans un parcours interactif où on joue tout en découvrant le patrimoine. Chaque année, de nouvelles surprises enrichissent le parcours, et un projet de réaménagement complet est en cours pour renforcer l’expérience immersive et sensorielle du musée.
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